Scrutinizing and rooting the multiple anomalies of Nepal earthquake sequence in 2015 with the deviation–time–space criterion and homologous lithosphere–coversphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling physics

Abstract. The continuous increasing of Earth observations benefits geosciences and seismicity study but increases greatly the difficulties in understanding discriminating multiple source data. Although lithosphere–coversphere–atmosphere-ionosphere (LCAI) coupling paradigm deviation–time–space (DTS) criterion were presented for better searching potential seismic anomalies from observations, strict consistency spatiotemporal characteristics homologous physics multiple-parameter has not been investigated sufficiently. With 2015 Nepal earthquake sequence being a typical case, reported multi-parameter systematically reviewed, their space–time summarized thoroughly this study. Numerical simulation with refined geological structures three-dimensional space revealed inhomogeneous crustal stress field alteration (CSFA) along faults around hypocenters sequence, which is expected to be root anomalies. stress-activated positive charge carriers would have given rise different responses near ground surface (coversphere), including microwave dielectric reduction, additional infrared radiation, atmospheric ionization, subsequently affected physical properties atmosphere ionosphere resulted abnormal phenomena therein. Based on DTS LCAI paradigm, earthquakes scrutinized strictly, retained rooted carefully regional CSFA as well its local blocking. Therefore, an integrated framework correspondence was proposed sequence. This research provides definite philosophy practical solution scrutinizing rootable earthquakes, scientific meanings precursors reaching prediction.